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This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions about the fundamentals of biology, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. == A == *Abscisic acid - a plant hormone with the formula C15H20O4 *Abscission - shedding of flowers and leaves and fruit following formation of scar tissue in a plant *Absolute zero - the lowest theoretically attainable temperature (at which the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules is minimal); 0 Kelvin or -273.15 Celsius of -459.67 Fahrenheit. *Absorption - a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid. Skin absorption is a route by which substances can enter the body through the skin. *Absorption spectrum - the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation that has passed through a medium that absorbed radiation of certain wavelengths. *Abyssal zone - the deep sea (2000 meters or more) where there is no light. *Acclimatization - adaptation to a new climate (a new temperature or altitude or environment). *Acid precipitation - rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water. *Acoelomate - animals, like flatworms and jellyfish, that have no body cavity (coelom). Semi-solid mesodermal tissues between the gut and body wall hold their organs in place. *Actin - one of the proteins into which actomyosin can be split; can exist in either a globular or a fibrous form. *Action potential - the local voltage change across the cell wall as a nerve impulse is transmitted. *Activation energy - the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur. *Active site - the part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs *Active transport - transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires an expenditure of energy *Adenosine triphosphate - a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions. The chemical formula for ATP is C10H16N5O13P3 *Adenylate cyclase - An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. *Aerobic - depending on free oxygen or air. *Aerobiology - the study of organic particles, such as bacteria, fungal spores, very small insects, pollen grains and viruses, which are passively transported by the air. *Agriculture - the practice of cultivating land, growing food, and raising stock. *Agrobiology - the study of plant nutrition and growth especially as a way to increase crop yield *Amino acid - a class of organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group *Amniote - organisms that produce an egg composed of shell and membranes that creates a protected environment in which the embryo can develop out of water *Anatomy - the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals *Arachnology - scientific study of spiders, scorpions, pseudoscorpions, and harvestmen, collectively called arachnids. *Artificial selection - professionals study the genotype and phenotype of parent organisms in the hope of producing a hybrid that possesses many of the desirable characteristics found in their parents. Also known as ''selective breeding''. *Asexual reproduction - process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent *Astrobiology - the branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on living organisms and the search for extraterrestrial life *Atom - the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Glossary of biology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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